Theory and Methodology for Developing an Algorithm of Optimal Situational Control of Energy Balance in Automated Distributed Hybrid Energy Complexes

Abstract

The structure of the power flow storage and distribution system of the Automated Distributed Hybrid Energy Complex (ADHEC) adopted in this work allows for easy modification of its configuration by adding or removing various components (ballast sources (BS), ballast loads (BL), renewable energy generation units, and loads of different types), as well as enabling or disabling interaction between the ADHEC and the global grid (GG).

A mathematical model has been developed for the adopted structure, taking into account various scenarios that arise during the circulation of power flows within the ADHEC. Based on this, the problem of synthesizing an optimal situational control algorithm (OSCA) for managing the energy balance has been formulated. A solution approach is proposed that enables the construction of a multi-level algorithm GOSCA,θmG_{OSCA, \theta_m}GOSCA,θm​​, where m=0,1,…,M−1m = 0, 1, \dots, M-1m=0,1,…,M−1, consisting of sequentially functioning sub-algorithms:

GOSCA,θm:GSDN,θm⇒ibal(1)(θm)⇒GBATT1,θm⇒ibal(2)(θm)⇒GBATT2,θm⇒ibal(3)(θm)⇒GBS,BL,θm⇒iGG(+,−)(θm)G_{OSCA, \theta_m}: \quad G_{SDN, \theta_m} \Rightarrow i_{bal}^{(1)}(\theta_m) \Rightarrow G_{BATT1, \theta_m} \Rightarrow i_{bal}^{(2)}(\theta_m) \Rightarrow G_{BATT2, \theta_m} \Rightarrow i_{bal}^{(3)}(\theta_m) \Rightarrow G_{BS,BL,\theta_m} \Rightarrow i_{GG}^{(+,-)}(\theta_m)GOSCA,θm​​:GSDN,θm​​⇒ibal(1)​(θm​)⇒GBATT1,θm​​⇒ibal(2)​(θm​)⇒GBATT2,θm​​⇒ibal(3)​(θm​)⇒GBS,BL,θm​​⇒iGG(+,−)​(θm​)

These sub-algorithms perform the following functions:

• GSDN,θmG_{SDN, \theta_m}GSDN,θm​​: maintains the current voltage level of the capacitor uSDN(θm)u_{SDN}(\theta_m)uSDN​(θm​) at the assembly and distribution node (SDN) by issuing an optimal control signal in the form of a balancing current ibal(1)(θm)i_{bal}^{(1)}(\theta_m)ibal(1)​(θm​);

• GBATT1,θmG_{BATT1, \theta_m}GBATT1,θm​​, GBATT2,θmG_{BATT2, \theta_m}GBATT2,θm​​, GBS,BL,θmG_{BS,BL, \theta_m}GBS,BL,θm​​: optimal situational sub-algorithms for the sequential implementation of the balancing current ibal(1)(θm)i_{bal}^{(1)}(\theta_m)ibal(1)​(θm​) using respective ADHEC components (BATT1(1), BATT1(2)), (BATT2(1), BATT2(2)), (BS, BL) in order to maintain the power exchange iGG(+,−)(θm)i_{GG}^{(+,-)}(\theta_m)iGG(+,−)​(θm​) between the global grid and the ADHEC near its nominal value iGGnom(θm)i_{GG}^{nom}(\theta_m)iGGnom​(θm​).

The algorithm GOSCA,θmG_{OSCA, \theta_m}GOSCA,θm​​ has the advantageous property that its structure is easily modifiable when configuring the ADHEC system during the design phase of automated renewable-based energy complexes (AREC) for different regions with their respective renewable energy sources. This adaptability is essential for the development of an automated design system for AREC.